On the night of June 3-4, 1989, troops of China’s People’s Liberation Army moved into Beijing to crush the pro-democracy demonstrations that began in April of that year. In parks, streets, …
On the night of June 3-4, 1989, troops of China’s People’s Liberation Army moved into Beijing to crush the pro-democracy demonstrations that began in April of that year. In parks, streets, subway stations, and even hospitals and homes, innocent ordinary Chinese men and women were murdered by their government.
The number killed remains unknown, although estimates range from several hundred to several thousand. The government of the People’s Republic of China insists that the demonstrators were counter-revolutionary criminals. Tens of thousands were imprisoned in the political crackdown that followed.
A few years afterward, Ding Zilin, the mother of a murdered student, began to investigate the massacre. Eventually, she and other victims’ relatives formed the Tiananmen Mothers. They have gathered information about nearly 200 victims of China’s Communist regime. This map, which is based on their work, shows the places where most of these victims were killed or the hospitals to which their bodies were taken. Several known victims remain unaccounted for.
Despite their efforts, Ding Zilin and the Tiananmen Mothers are unable to mourn their relatives freely. For their work, they have been subject to surveillance and harassment, as speaking publicly about the protest movement of 1989 and its violent suppression is still prohibited. Despite this prohibition, Jiang Qisheng, a scientist and a participant in the demonstrations, called on his fellow citizens in 2004 to honor the victims on the 15th anniversary of the massacre. After giving an interview on Radio Free Asia, he was arrested and served four years in prison. That same year, Shi Tao, was jailed for ten years for making public a Chinese government directive to the media warning not to cover efforts to commemorate the victims of Tiananmen.
The Chinese Communist Party has many, many millions of anonymous victims. With the twentieth anniversary of the Tiananmen Square massacre drawing near, this map has been created to honor the memory of all of the victims of Chinese Communism by assisting those who wish to pause during a visit to Beijing to remember the victims of Tiananmen. It is inspired by the efforts of the Tiananmen Mothers and Gunter Demnig, a German artist has placed over 10,000 plaques outside the places from which German Jews were deported to concentration camps. As Demnig has said, “To carve the name of a single person on a single marker is to say…’This was someone just like you or me. Not just an anonymous victim of history.'”
2. Dong Si 10 Tiao and Dong Si Bei Ave.:
– Mr. Liu Zhanmin (38)
3. E. North Beltway 3 and Workers Stadium North Rd.:
– Mr. Han Ziquan (38)
4. Wu Ke Song Rd. and Fu Xin Men Wai Ave.:
– Mr. Song Xiaoming (32)
– and an unknown victim
5. Feng Tai Rd.and Fu Xin Men Wai Ave.:
– Mr. Guo (first name unknown, 22)
6. 28 Fu Xin Road (at the north gate of 301 Military Hospital):
– Mr. Li Zhenying (45),
– an unknown victim
– and the guard at the north gate of 301 Military Hospital
7. Mid-West Beltway 3 and Fu Xin Men Wai Ave. (close to Gong Zhu Hun:
– Mr. Ya Aiguo (22)
8. Mid-West Beltway 3 and Lian Hua Chi East Rd.:
– Mr. Liu Jingsheng (40)
9. Military Museum:
– Ms. Ma Chengfen (55)
– Ms. Li Shuzhen (51)
– Ms. Kou Xia (31)
– and Mr. Sun Tie (26)
10. Mu Xi Di (around the subway station at Fu Xin Men Wai Ave.):
– Mr. Jiang Jielian (17)
– Mr. Yuan Li (29)
– Mr. Hao Zhijing (30)
– Mr. Ye Weihang (19)
– Mr. Wu Xiangdong (21)
– Mr. Xiao Bo (27)
– Yin Jing
– Ms. Wang Weiping (25)
– Mr. Qian Jin (21)
– Ms. Liu Jinhua (34)
– Mr. Yan Wen (22)
– Mr. Dong Lin (24)
– Mr. Zhang Runing (32)
– Mr. Yang Zhenjiang (32)
– Guo Chunmin
– Mr. Song Baosheng (39)
– Ms. Zhou Yuzhen (36)
– Mr. Di Shun (30)
– Mr. Yuan Mingyu (35)
– Mr. Lu Chunlin (27)
– Mr. Li Hui (19)
– Mr. Kuang Min (27)
– Mr. Li Ping (23)
– Ms. Zhang Luohong (30)
– Mr. Wang Tiejun (age unknown)
– Mr. Han Junyou (20s)
– Mr. He Guo (27)
– Mr. Qi Wen (16)
– Mr. Wang Yifei (31)
– Mr. Lu Jianguo (40)
– Mr. Wang Chao (30)
– Mr. Wang Fang (50)
– Mr. Li Chun (20)
– Mr. Zhong Qing (21)
– a babysitter from Wan County, Sichuan Province
– and an unknown victim
11. Fu Xin Men Wai Ave. and Nan Li Shi Rd. (close to Nan Li Shi Rd.):
– Ms. Xi Guiru (24),
– Mr. Yang Ziping (26),
– Mr. An Ji (31),
– Ms. Su Xin (29),
– Mr. Zhang Weihua (24),
– Mr. Zhou Yongqi (32),
– Mr. Zhao Dejiang (27),
– Mr. Wang Zhengsheng (20)
– and an unknown victim
12. Xi Bian Men Qiao:
Mr. Luo Wei (30)
13. Min Zu Hotel:
– Mr. Duan Changlong (24)
– Mr. Zhou Xinming (16)
– Mr. Liu Yansheng (37)
– Mr. Liu Hongtao (18)
– Mr. Dai Wei (20)
– and Ms. Zhang Jin (19)
14. Xi Si Nan Ave.. and N. Xi Dan Ave.:
– Mr. Bian Zongxu (40)
15. Fu You Street:
– Chen Zhongjie (30)
16. Telegraph Tower:
– Mr. Zhang Fuyuan (66)
17. Fu Xin Men (around the subway station at Fu Xin Men Wai Ave.):
– Mr. Lu Peng (9)
– Mr. Gao Yuan (24)
– Mr. Yang Ruting (41)
– Mr. Li Dezhi (25)
– and Mr. Li Tiegang (22)
18. Xi Dan (around the Xi Dan subway station, which is at Fu Xin Wen Wai Ave.:
– Mr. Liu Fenggen (40),
– Mr. Ni Shilian (24)
– Mr. Cao Zhenping (29)
– Mr. Wang Jianping (27)
– Piao Changkui
– Mr. Cao (first name unknown, 20s)
– Mr. Chen Senlin (36)
– Mr. Liu Jianguo (35)
– Mr. Zhao Long (21),
– and Mr. Sun Hui (19)
19. Liu Bu Kou (at West Chang An Street):
– Mr. Xie Jinsuo (21)
– Ms. Gong Jifang (19)
– Mr. Wang Peiwen (21)
– Mr. Dong Xiaojun (20)
– Mr. Lin Renfu (30)
– Mr. Tian Daomin (22)
– Mr. Li Huiquan (35)
– Mr. Yin Shunqing (30)
– and Mr. Zhang (first name unknown, under 20)
20. Xin Hua Gate (at West Chang An Street):
– Mr. Du Guangxue (24)
21. Nan Chang Street:
– Mr. Wang Nan (19)
– and Mr. Lai Bi (21)
22. Chang An Ave. (near the south side of the Park of the People’s Culture ):
– Mr. Lei Guangtai (33)
23. Tiananmen Square and around the Square:
– Mr. Cheng Renxin (25)
– Mr. Dai Jinping (27)
– Mr. Li Haocheng (20)
– Mr. Chen Laishun (23)
– Mr. Huang Xinhua (25)
– and Li (first name unknown)
24. Nan Chi Zi Ave.:
– Mr. Yu Di (32),
– Mr. He Jie (23)
– Mr. Xiao Jie (19)
– Mr. Yang Hanlei (19)
– Mr. Luan Yiwei (35)
– Mr. He Shitai (31)
– and a high school student from 109 High School
25. Nan He Yan Ave. (close to the Beijing Hotel):
– Mr. Bao Xiudong (41)
26. Zhen Yi Road:
– Mr. Yang Minghu (42)
– and Mr. Yang Yansheng (30)
27. Dong Dan (around the subway station at East Chang An Street:
– Ms. Xia Zhilei (22)|
28. Chang Yang Men Qiao (Chao Yang Men Nan Ave. and Chao Yang Men Nei Ave. ):
– Mr. Mu Guilan (48)
29. Jian Guo Men (around the JianGuoMenWai Ave. subway station:
– Mr. Jiang (first name unknown, 26)
30. Chao Yang Men Wai Ave. and Dong Da Qiao Rd.:
– Mr. Peng Jun (30)
31. Chao Yang Road (close to the Red Temple):
– Mr. Sun Yanchang (24)
– a conductor on the 101 bus line,
– and Zhang (first name unknown, 53)
32. At the gate of Beijing Broadcasting College:
– Mr. Qian Hui (21)
33. Qian Men Ave (close to Qian Men):
– Ms. Zhang Xianghong (20)
– Mr. Du Yanying (29),
– Mr. Liu Junhe (56)
– Mr. Liu Hong (24)
– and Mr. Zhang Jian (17)
34. Zhu Shi Kou Xi Ave.:
– Mr. Wang Zhiying (35)
– and Mr. Wang Wenming (35)
35. Qian Men Ave. (close to Tian Qiao):
– Mr. Liu Chunyong (24),
– Mr. Liang Baoxin (25)
– Mr. Wang Qingzeng (34)
– and Mr. Han Qiu (25)
36. At the gate of the Beijing Jiaohua Factory:
– Mr. Wang Gang (20)
HOSPITALS
37. General Hospital of Navy:
– Mr. Wang Hongqi (21)
38. People’s Hospital:
– Mr. Shi Yan (27)
– and Cao Zhenping
39. Ji Shui Tan Hospital:
– Mr. Shi Haiwen (20)
40. Fu Xin Hospital:
– Mr. Ben Yunhai (22)
41. Children’s Hospital:
– Mr. Chen Ziqi (31)
– and an unknown victim
42. Post and Telecom Hospital:
– Mr. Wu Guofeng (21)
44. Xie He Hospital:
– Mr. Nan Huatong (31)
– Mr. Zhao Tianchou (47)
– and Mr. Wang Junjing (30s)
46. Tong Ren Hospital:
– Mr. Zhou Deping (20)
– Mr. Zhuang Jiesheng (27)
– and Bai Jingchuan
47. Friendship Hospital:
– Mr. Su Jinjian (25)
Victims whose deaths are not located on the map:
– Mr. Zhou Debao (20s)
– Mr. Li Changsheng
– Mr. Guo Anmin (23)
– Ms. Zou Bing (19)
– Mr. Wen Jie (26)
– Mr. He Anbin (32)
– Mr. Zhang (first name unknown, 19)
– Ms. Li Li
– Mr. Tao Zhigan (24)
– Mr. Ren Jianmin (30s)
– an unknown student
– Mr. Su Shengji (43)
– Mr. Ren Wenlian (19)
– Mr. Zheng Chunfu (37)
– unknown victim (16)
– Mr. Yin Jing (36)
– an unknown journalist
– Mr. Wang Yaohe (40s)
– Mr. Liu Qiang
– Mr. Cui Linfeng (29)
– an unknown student from Wu Ci City
– an unknown victim
– an unknown victim
– Mr. Sun Xiaofeng
– Mr. Hu Xinyun
– Mr. Qi Li (22)
– Ms. Wei Wumin
– Mr. Zhu (first name unknown)
– Mr. Wang Dongxi
– Mr. Wang Ying (30s)
– Mr. Cai (first name unknown)
– Mr. Hu (first name unknown)
– Mr. Lin Tao (24)
– Mr. Li (first name unknown, 30s)
– Mr. Ma Jianwu
– Mr. Tao Maoxian
– Mr. Zou Zuowu
– Mr. Jiang Jiaxing
(Note: A victim is listed as unknown if his or her family wishes not to publicize the victim’s name or if family has not been found. In the latter case, a victim is added to the list only if there are two or more eyewitnesses to his or her death.)
MAPS PRODUCED BY ELLEN BORK,
TIAN JIAN, AND PHILIP CHALK
Medical workers at Beijing’s Fuxingmen Hospital look at bodies of protesters killed by soldiers around Tiananmen Square on June 4, 1989. REUTERS/STR – PM1E5460ZJ701
Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 The Chinese army crackdown on the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests killed at least 10,000 people, according to newly released UK documents. The figure was given …
The Chinese army crackdown on the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests killed at least 10,000 people, according to newly released UK documents.
The figure was given in a secret diplomatic cable from then British ambassador to China, Sir Alan Donald.
The original source was a friend of a member of China’s State Council, the envoy says.
Previous estimates of the deaths in the pro-democracy protests ranged from several hundred to more than 1,000.
China’s statement at the end of June 1989 said that 200 civilians and several dozen security personnel had died in Beijing following the suppression of “counter-revolutionary riots” on 4 June 1989.
Sir Alan’s telegram is from 5 June, and he says his source was someone who “was passing on information given him by a close friend who is currently a member of the State Council”.
The council is effectively China’s ruling cabinet and is chaired by the premier.
Sir Alan said the source had been reliable in the past “and was careful to separate fact from speculation and rumour”.
The envoy wrote: “Students understood they were given one hour to leave square but after five minutes APCs attacked.
“Students linked arms but were mown down including soldiers. APCs then ran over bodies time and time again to make ‘pie’ and remains collected by bulldozer. Remains incinerated and then hosed down drains.
“Four wounded girl students begged for their lives but were bayoneted.”
Sir Alan added that “some members of the State Council considered that civil war is imminent”.
China bans all activists’ commemorations and highly regulates online discussion of the incident, including censoring criticism. But it is marked annually by activists elsewhere in the world, particularly in Hong Kong and Taiwan.
